Chris Pruitt / CC BY-SA 3.0 · Source
Verbena
Verbena polystachya
Overview
A versatile genus that includes both the low, spreading ornamentals that blanket gardens in color and the upright, lemon-scented species used in herbal tea. Garden verbena produces clusters of flowers in every color, blooming prolifically from spring through frost with minimal care. Lemon verbena (Aloysia citrodora) is the fragrant culinary species — they are different plants despite sharing a name.
Growing Conditions
How to Grow Verbena
Verbena (Verbena polystachya) is a forb/herb that grows to about 3 feet tall and 2 feet wide.
Verbena is hardy across USDA hardiness zones 4–8. Plant it in well-drained, average to lean soil; drought-tolerant, at a slightly acidic pH of 5.5–7.5.
Exact sowing, transplanting, and harvest months shift by climate zone — the planting calendar below lays them out for cool through hot regions. Its flowers appear from May through October, offering high value to pollinators. Give it what it asks for here, and it will find its place in the garden.
Companion Planting & Soil
Verbena grows well alongside alyssum, marigold, salvia, and petunia.
Good Companions
Planting Calendar
When to sow, transplant, and harvest by growing zone.
| Zone | Action | Months | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cold (1-2) | Start Indoors | Feb — Mar | Start indoors 8-10 weeks before last frost; seeds need darkness |
| Cold (1-2) | Transplant | Jun — Jun | Transplant after all frost danger; grow as annual |
| Cold (1-2) | Harvest | Jul — Sep | Blooms continuously until frost; trim to shape |
| Cool (3-4) | Start Indoors | Jan — Feb | Start indoors early; slow to germinate |
| Cool (3-4) | Transplant | May — May | Transplant after last frost |
| Cool (3-4) | Harvest | Jun — Oct | Deadhead for continuous bloom; attracts butterflies |
| Moderate (5-7) | Transplant | Apr — May | Transplant in spring; excellent in containers and borders |
| Moderate (5-7) | Harvest | May — Nov | Long bloom season; shear back if leggy |
| Warm (8-9) | Transplant | Mar — Apr | Transplant in spring; some types perennial in zone 8+ |
| Warm (8-9) | Harvest | Apr — Nov | Blooms nearly year-round; may pause in peak heat |
| Hot (10+) | Transplant | Feb — Mar | Plant in late winter; heat and drought tolerant |
| Hot (10+) | Harvest | Feb — Dec | Nearly year-round bloom; heat tolerant |
Uses
Beyond the Garden
Verbena earns its keep past the plate, too: profuse, long-blooming ground cover and container plant; heat and drought tolerant annual; butterfly and pollinator attractor.
