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Comfrey
Symphytum
Overview
A vigorous perennial herb often called the permaculture plant because of its extraordinary usefulness in building soil fertility. Comfrey's deep taproots mine minerals from subsoil and concentrate them in large, fast-growing leaves that make nutrient-rich mulch, compost activator, and liquid fertilizer. While traditional internal use has been restricted due to pyrrolizidine alkaloids, external applications remain widely valued.
Growing Conditions
Companion Planting & Soil
Good Companions
Planting Calendar
When to sow, transplant, and harvest by growing zone.
| Zone | Action | Months | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cold (1-2) | Transplant | May — Jun | Plant root cuttings or crowns in spring; Bocking 14 variety is sterile (non-invasive) |
| Cold (1-2) | Harvest | Jun — Aug | Cut leaves 2" above ground for compost activator or mulch; 2-3 cuts per year |
| Cool (3-4) | Transplant | Apr — May | Plant crowns in spring; deep taproot makes it nearly permanent |
| Cool (3-4) | Harvest | May — Sep | Cut for mulch/compost tea; regrows quickly; 3-4 cuts per year |
| Moderate (5-7) | Transplant | Mar — Apr | Plant in early spring; choose location carefully — very hard to remove |
| Moderate (5-7) | Harvest | Apr — Oct | Harvest leaves for mulch, compost tea, or liquid fertilizer |
| Moderate (5-7) | Divide | Mar — Apr | Divide crowns every 4-5 years; every root piece will grow |
| Warm (8-9) | Transplant | Feb — Mar | Plant in late winter/spring |
| Warm (8-9) | Harvest | Mar — Nov | Multiple harvests per season; nutrient accumulator |
| Hot (10+) | Transplant | Nov — Dec | Plant in fall; tolerates heat but prefers moisture |
| Hot (10+) | Harvest | Jan — Dec | Harvest year-round; keep watered |
Uses
Medicinal
- Topical poultice for sprains, bruises, and bone healing (external only)
- Infused oil used in salves for skin repair
- Traditional name 'knitbone' reflects use for fracture recovery
Other Uses
- Dynamic nutrient accumulator — leaves used as mulch and compost activator
- Liquid fertilizer tea (comfrey tea) for potassium-hungry plants
- Living mulch under fruit trees in food forests
Safety Notes
No reports of toxicity have been seen for this species, but the following reports have been seen for S. officinale. This plant contains small quantities of a toxic alkaloid which can have a cumulative effect upon the liver. Largest concentrations are found in the roots, leaves contain higher quantities of the alkaloid as they grow older and young leaves contain almost none. Most people would have to consume very large quantities of the plant in order to do any harm, though anyone with liver prob
